Choosing to become a surrogate is one of the most generous and life-changing decisions a woman can make. But before starting this incredible journey, it’s essential to understand what’s required—physically, emotionally, and legally. In this guide, we break down the key surrogate requirements, explain how to become a surrogate mother, and outline what intended parents should know when evaluating surrogate qualifications.
Whether you’re considering surrogacy yourself or exploring it as an intended parent, this article will help clarify the qualifications for surrogacy, state-specific criteria, and the screening process—all in one place.
What are the Requirements for Surrogacy?
To ensure the health and safety of both the surrogate and the baby, agencies and fertility clinics follow strict criteria when reviewing surrogate candidates. These basic qualifications act as the foundation of a successful surrogacy journey.
Physical Health
Being in good health is non-negotiable. Surrogates must be between the ages of 21 and 40, have a healthy BMI (usually between 19 and 30), and must have given birth to at least one child of their own. A proven history of uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries (vaginal or cesarean births with no major complications, healthy birth weights for previous babies, smooth postpartum recovery, no history of preterm labor) gives clinics confidence in a candidate’s ability to carry another healthy pregnancy to term.
Lifestyle
Healthy lifestyle choices are also a key part of the criteria. Surrogates must be non-smokers, free from substance abuse, and live in a stable, supportive environment. Responsible health choices—like proper nutrition, exercise, and avoiding risky behaviors—directly impact the baby’s development.
Financial Stability
Surrogacy is a commitment that takes focus, emotional energy, and time, so it’s important for potential surrogates to be in a stable financial position before starting. While surrogates do receive compensation, it should not be the main reason for applying. Those who depend entirely on this income to cover urgent financial needs may face extra stress that could affect the journey. Having a stable foundation allows a surrogate to take part for the right reasons, with a genuine desire to help create a family, while feeling secure and supported along the way.
Full List of Surrogate Qualifications
Every agency will vary slightly, but most follow the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) guidelines. Here’s a more detailed list of what’s typically required:
- Age: 21 to 40 years old
- At least one full-term pregnancy without complications
- Raising (or have raised) at least one biological child
- U.S. citizenship or legal resident
- Non-smoker and drug-free lifestyle
- BMI between 19 and 30
- No history of major mental health conditions
- No more than five vaginal deliveries or three C-sections
- Stable, supportive living environment
- Not currently receiving government assistance (like food stamps or housing aid)
Meeting these surrogate qualifications helps reduce medical risks and increases the chances of a successful outcome for everyone involved.
Other surrogate qualifications
- No criminal record
- Coming from surrogacy friendly States
- Willingness to travel for medical appointments
- Willingness to handle logistics of surrogacy process
- A valid drivers licence
- Health insurance
Case-to-case basis
- Some gov assistance can be allowed (Medicaid)
- Going through divorce
What are Common Disqualifications for Surrogacy?
Just as there are qualifications, there are also disqualifications for surrogacy. Some medical conditions—such as uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, or serious psychiatric disorders—can make pregnancy riskier. A history of preterm labor, complications in previous pregnancies, or smoking and substance abuse are also common disqualifiers.
While previous cesarean births are acceptable, most clinics require no more than three C-sections. Complicated pregnancies may include conditions like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes requiring medication, multiple miscarriages, placental issues, or significant interventions during labor—all of which may disqualify a potential surrogate.
Additionally, individuals currently using certain medications, with a BMI above 30, or those without a stable support system may be ineligible. These criteria are in place to ensure the safety and well-being of both the surrogate and the baby.
List of main disqualifications for surrogacy
While surrogacy can be a deeply rewarding journey, it isn’t the right path for everyone. To protect the health of both the surrogate and the baby, agencies and fertility clinics follow strict guidelines on who is eligible to participate. These disqualifications aren’t meant to exclude, but to ensure the safest possible outcome for all involved.
You may be disqualified from becoming a surrogate if you have:
- No prior successful pregnancy
Candidates must have given birth to at least one healthy child, with medical records confirming an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. - High-risk medical conditions
Examples include uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, clotting disorders, or other illnesses that could endanger the surrogate or baby. - Serious mental health conditions
Untreated or unstable conditions such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric disorders that may affect emotional well-being during the process. - History of complicated pregnancies
Past experiences with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes requiring medication, placental issues, multiple miscarriages, or preterm birth before 34 weeks. - Excessive prior cesarean sections
More than three C-sections, due to increased surgical and uterine risks. - Substance use
Active smoking, vaping, illicit drug use, or alcohol abuse at any stage. - BMI outside the acceptable range
Most programs require a BMI between 19–30 to reduce pregnancy-related complications. - Current use of unsafe medications
Medications that are harmful during pregnancy or incompatible with fertility treatments. - Lack of a stable support system
Absence of reliable emotional, practical, and social support during the surrogacy journey. - Severe financial instability
Candidates facing urgent or extreme financial hardship may be ineligible, as surrogacy should not be undertaken as a last resort for income.
Requirements to Be a Surrogate by State
Surrogacy laws vary across the United States. While some states are surrogacy-friendly, others have restrictions that can affect the process.
For a potential surrogate, living in a surrogacy-friendly state usually makes the process smoother and safer. These states allow fair compensation, recognize contracts, and have clear legal steps to establish parental rights. In states with restrictive laws, compensation may be limited, contracts may not hold up in court, and extra legal steps or even temporary relocation might be needed. Where you live can shape the entire journey, from signing the agreement to delivering the baby.
Let’s look at two states that lead the way:
California
California is one of the most surrogacy-friendly states. Both gestational and traditional surrogacy are legal, and intended parents—regardless of marital status or sexual orientation—can obtain pre-birth parentage orders. Surrogates in California still need to meet agency and clinic qualifications, but legal support is abundant and well established.
Florida
Florida is another surrogacy-friendly state. Gestational surrogacy agreements are recognized by law, and parentage rights are typically straightforward for married couples. Unmarried or LGBTQ+ intended parents may require additional steps, but overall, Florida provides a strong legal framework to protect all parties involved.
Check the surrogacy laws map to see where your state stands.
What’s Involved in the Surrogacy Screening Process?
Once a woman meets the basic qualifications, the next step is a comprehensive screening process. This typically includes:
Medical Records Review
Clinics will review records from previous pregnancies and deliveries to confirm there were no complications.
Medical Testing
This includes a full physical exam, blood work, and screenings for infectious diseases to make sure the surrogate is healthy and ready for pregnancy.
Psychological Evaluation
A meeting with a mental health professional to talk through the surrogacy process, answer questions, and confirm the surrogate is emotionally prepared for the journey.
Home Visit or Interview
Agencies may conduct in-person or virtual visits to assess the surrogate’s living environment and support system.
This thorough process ensures that all surrogates are physically and emotionally prepared for the journey ahead.
Learn more on how to prepare for the surrogacy screening process.
How SurrogateFirst Supports Surrogates
At SurrogateFirst, we guide potential surrogates every step of the way. From the moment a woman applies, our team offers education, emotional support, legal guidance, and access to top fertility clinics. We’re passionate about helping each surrogate feel confident and empowered throughout their journey.
Whether it’s navigating state laws, preparing for your embryo transfer, or staying connected with intended parents, SurrogateFirst is here to make sure your surrogacy experience is fulfilling and safe, for you and the family you’re helping.
Ready to begin your surrogacy journey?
Visit SurrogateFirst to see if you qualify and start your application today.
Learn more about surrogate qualifications:
Frequently Asked Questions
What BMI do you need to be a surrogate?
Most clinics require a BMI between 19 and 30. This range is considered healthy and lowers risks associated with pregnancy. If your BMI is outside this range, speak with an agency like SurrogateFirst about your options.
Is 40 too old to be a surrogate?
It depends on your health and previous pregnancy history. While many clinics set the upper age limit at 40, some may consider candidates slightly older on a case-by-case basis.
Do surrogates breastfeed?
Typically, surrogates do not breastfeed the baby after birth. However, some intended parents may request breast milk to be pumped and shipped. This is always discussed ahead of time and agreed upon by both parties.
Can You Be A Surrogate If You Have HPV?
In most cases, having HPV (human papillomavirus) will not automatically disqualify you from becoming a surrogate, especially if it is a non-active strain with no symptoms. However, you must be in good overall reproductive health, and your OB-GYN or fertility clinic will review your medical records and conduct testing to ensure there are no active issues that could affect pregnancy.
Can you be a surrogate after menopause?
No. Once you have gone through menopause, your body no longer produces eggs or maintains the hormonal environment needed for pregnancy. Gestational surrogacy still requires that the surrogate’s uterus is healthy and able to sustain a pregnancy, which is generally only possible before menopause.
Final Thoughts
Becoming a surrogate is an extraordinary act of love and generosity. Understanding the requirements for a surrogate mother helps ensure a smooth and safe journey for everyone involved. Whether you’re considering surrogacy yourself or looking for the right match as intended parents, having the right information empowers you to take the next step with confidence.
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Why SurrogateFirst?
At SurrogateFirst, we’re more than a matching agency—we’re your support system.
- Compassionate, personalized matching
- 24/7 access to dedicated case managers
- Legal and medical coordination
- Transparent pricing
- Emotional support for surrogates and for intended parents alike
